The heritability of self-control did not vary across gender or age. 28, resulting in a heritability estimate of 60%. 58, and an overall dizygotic twin correlation of. Our results revealed an overall monozygotic twin correlation of. A systematic search resulted in 31 included studies, 17 reporting on individual samples, based on a sample size of >30,000 twins, published between 19. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to provide a quantitative overview of the heritability of self-control. Twin studies show that self-control is heritable, but estimates range between 0% and 90%, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Self-control is the ability to control one’s impulses when faced with challenges or temptations, and is robustly associated with physiological and psychological well-being.
Our results provide greater psychometric footing for the study of self-regulation and provide guidance for future studies of individual differences in this domain. raw response times) in their suitability as individual difference DVs, finding that certain model parameters are as stable as raw DVs. We also compare different types of task DVs (e.g., model parameters vs. We confirm that this is due to differences in between-subject variability. This holds both in the literature and in our sample, although the test–retest reliability estimates in the literature are highly variable. We find that dependent variables (DVs) from self-report surveys of self-regulation have high test–retest reliability, while DVs derived from behavioral tasks do not. We remedy this gap by ( i ) providing a comprehensive literature review on an extensive set of self-regulation measures and ( ii ) empirically evaluating test–retest reliability of this battery in a new sample. Accurate characterization of individual differences requires measurement reliability, a property frequently characterized in self-report surveys, but rarely assessed in behavioral tasks. Self-regulation is generally viewed as a trait, and individual differences are quantified using a diverse set of measures, including self-report surveys and behavioral tasks. This wide interest is in part due to the putative relations between self-regulation and a range of real-world behaviors.
The ability to regulate behavior in service of long-term goals is a widely studied psychological construct known as self-regulation. The present research offers new insights into why self-control promotes health behavior performance, and how deficits in self-control might be offset in future behavior-change interventions. Findings for the different pathways were not moderated by whether approach (health-protective behaviors) or avoidance responses (health-risk behaviors) were at issue.
Finally, self-control was associated with the improved translation of intentions into health behaviors and with greater inhibition of affective and habitual influences. Self-control predicted habit formation, and habits mediated the self-control-behavior relation.
Higher self-control was associated with stronger prediction by cognitive attitudes and perceived behavioral control and weaker prediction by habits and injunctive norms. Self-control also predicted the priority accorded to different considerations during intention formation. Supporting the valuation route, affective attitude, cognitive attitude, descriptive norms, and perceived behavioral control mediated the self-control-intention relation, and intentions and perceived behavioral control mediated the relationship between self-control and health behaviors. Multi-level modeling was used to test pathways across behaviors. Three months later, participants reported their behavior. We tested five potential pathways from self-control to behavior, termed the valuation, prioritization, habituation, translation, and inhibition routes.Īt baseline, participants (N = 663 adults) completed survey measures of reasoned action approach variables and habits in relation to eight health behaviors and the Brief Self-Control Scale. This paper integrates trait, reasoned action, and habit approaches to develop and test a mechanistic account of how self-control influences health actions. Self-control is generally defined as the capacity to override impulses and is a robust predictor of health behaviors.
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